手動變速箱的作業原理
Operating Principle of Manual Gearbox
手動變速箱是有不同齒比的齒輪組構成的，它作業的基本原理就是經過切換不同的齒輪組，來實現齒比的改換。作為分配動力的關鍵環節，變速箱必須有動力輸入軸和輸出軸這兩大件，再加上構成變速箱的齒輪，就是一個手動變速箱較基本的組件。
Manual gearbox is composed of gears with different gear ratios. The basic principle of its operation is to change different gear groups to achieve the change of gear ratios. As the key link of power distribution, the transmission must have power input shaft and output shaft, together with the gears constituting the transmission, which is the most basic component of a manual transmission.
動力輸入軸與離合器相連，從離合器傳遞來的動力直接經過輸入軸傳遞給齒輪組，齒輪組是由直徑不同的齒輪組成的，不同的齒輪比例所到達的動力傳輸效果是徹底不同的，往常駕馭中的換擋也就是指換齒輪比。
The power input shaft is connected with the clutch, and the power transmitted from the clutch is transmitted directly to the gear group through the input shaft. The gear group is composed of gears with different diameters, and the power transmission effect achieved by different gear ratios is completely different. Shifting in the usual control means the gear ratio.
當車輪滾動時同樣會帶著花鍵軸一同滾動，此時，軸上的藍色齒輪可以在花鍵軸上發作相對自在滾動。因而，在發動機中止，而車輪仍在滾動時，藍色齒輪和中心軸出在靜止狀況，而花鍵軸則隨車輪滾動。這個原理和自行車后軸的飛輪很相似。藍色齒輪和花鍵軸是由套筒來銜接的，套筒跟著花鍵軸滾動，但一同也可以在花鍵軸上左右自在滑動來嚙合齒輪。
When the wheel rolls, it will also roll with the spline shaft. At this time, the blue gear on the shaft can roll relatively freely on the spline shaft. Thus, when the engine stops and the wheel is still rolling, the blue gears and the center axle are stationary, while the spline axle rolls with the wheel. This principle is very similar to the flywheel of the rear axle of a bicycle. Blue gears and spline shafts are connected by sleeves, which roll with the spline shafts, but they can also slide freely around the spline shafts to engage the gears.
說完這些，換擋的過程就很好理解了，當套筒和藍色齒輪相連時，發動機的動力就會經過中心軸傳遞到輸出軸上，在這一同，左面的藍色齒輪也在自在旋轉，但由于沒有和套筒嚙合，所以它不對花鍵軸產生影響。而假如套筒在兩個藍色齒輪之間時，變速箱在空擋位置，此時兩個藍色齒輪都在花鍵軸上自在滾動，互不干涉。
After that, the shift process is well understood. When the sleeve and the blue gear are connected, the engine power will be transferred to the output shaft through the central shaft. In this same way, the blue gear on the left side is also rotating freely, but because it does not mesh with the sleeve, it does not affect the spline shaft. If the sleeve is between the two blue gears and the gearbox is in the neutral position, then the two blue gears are rolling freely on the spline shaft and do not interfere with each other.
經過撥動變速桿，切換中心軸上的自動齒輪，經過巨細不同的齒輪組合與動力輸出軸結合，然后改動驅動輪的轉矩和轉速。
The automatic gears on the central shaft are switched by shifting the transmission rod, and combined with the power output shaft through different gear combinations, then the torque and speed of the driving wheel are changed.
發動機的動力輸入軸是經過一根中心軸，直接與動力輸出軸銜接的。中心軸的兩個齒輪與動力輸出軸上的兩個齒輪是跟著發動機輸出一同滾動的。可是假如沒有同步器的接合，兩個齒輪只能在動力輸出軸上空轉。
The power input shaft of the engine is connected directly with the power output shaft through a central shaft. The two gears of the central shaft and the two gears of the power output shaft roll together with the output of the engine. But without synchronizer engagement, the two gears can only rotate idly on the power output shaft.
當變速桿向左移動，使同步器向右移動與齒輪接合，發動機動力經過中心軸的齒輪，將動力傳遞給動力輸出軸。
When the transmission rod moves to the left, the synchronizer moves to the right to engage with the gear, and the engine power passes through the gear of the central shaft to transmit the power to the power output shaft.
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